Roll for rolling wire



(No Model.)

H. A. WLLIAMS.

ROLLS POR ROLLING WIRE.

110.446,498. Patented Feb. 17,1891.

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E7/yew?? jzewy di ZULZZMaW/S/ ltln'rrnn @rares 'Partnr @ricerca HENRYALEXISV NVILLIAMS, OF TAUNTON, MASSACHUSETS.

ROLL FR ROLLING WIRE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 446,498, dated February1?, 1891.

Application tiled June 23, 1890.

To all wiz/0711, it may concern:

13e it known that I, HENRY ALEXIS TID mains', of Taunton, county ofBristol, State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in Rollsfor Rollin g Metal Vire, of which the following description, inconnection with the aceompanyin g drawings, is a specicatien, likeletters on the drawings representing like parts;`

Myinven tion is embodied in rolls for rolling wire, and relates mainlyto the construction of the grooves in the periphery of the rolls whichact upon the rod to reduce and elongate the same, the object being toproduce a different effect in the iiow of the metal from that producedby rolls heretofore commonly used in reducing and elongating the rod.

In another application tiled herewith l have shown and described amethod of rolling wire involving the novel effect in the ilow of theinetal that is produced by the rolls forming the subject ot thisinvent-ion, the said novel effect being to produce nearly equilateraldisplacement in all parts ot' the cross-section of the rod, so that thetendency to elongate is uniform in all parts of the rod, orsubstantially so.

The rolls heretofore employed for making the successive reductions insectional area of the rod acted upon have been such as to change thesectional shape of the rod at the point acted upon, certain parts of therod ben ing displaced to a far greater extent than other parts, givingunequal tendency to elongate in different parts of the rod. In otherwords, when rolls having a il-shaped groove are used they commonlycompress or displace the metal more at the apex et the V or bottom ofthe groove than near the sides of the groove, where the two rolls of apair come together. For example, the grooves in each pair of rolls areobtuse angled, and as the plane ot' each pair of rolls is at rightangles to that ot the prccedin g pair, or it the planes are allparallel, the rod is caused to make a quarter-turn in passing from onepair tothe next. Each roll of the pair acts upon an acute angle on therod and compresses itdown te an obtuse angle, th us making theintermediate angles acute, which in turn are compressed to an obtuseangle by the next pair ot rolls, or it the shapes are rounding insteadof rectangular the grooves Serial No. 356,375. (No modelJ of the rollsare elliptical instead of circular in shape, each pair acting tocompress the rod presented to it on the line of the major axis of theellipse forming the cross-section of the wire and reducingit so that itbecomes the minoraxis of the elliptical shape imparted to the rod inpassing through the rolls. By this construction of the rolls the lateraldis* placement of the metal at each reduction is unequal in differentparts of the rod, being greatest on those parts which come near thebottoms of the groove and being practically nothing at the tops of thegrooves or points where the peripheries et the pairs of rolls touch.Another way of stating the same thing is that the sectional outline orthe groove in the roll is not parallel with the sectional outline ot themetal presented to it.

The present invention consists in a train or series of pairs of rolls,each pair of which has its plane at right angles to that of thepreceding pair, or is otherwise so arranged that the compression of eachpair on the rod is at right angles to the compression of the pairsimmediately preceding and following it, the acting surfaces ot theseveral pairs being parallel with one another for the greater portion oftheir extent, so that the sectional outline of the groove issubstantially the same as the sectional outline of the metal presentedto and acted upon by`it. As the space incloscd between the peripheriesot' each succeeding pairs ot rolls is smaller than that between thepreceding pairs, there must be a slight departure from the exactparallelism between all parts et the sectional shape of the groove andthat of the metal presented to it, which departure is in t-he form of aslight truncation or filling up of a portion of the bottom of thegroove, such that the distance between the truncated portions or bottomsof the grooves of a larger pair of rolls is equal to the width of thetop of the grobves in the next smaller pair.

Figure lis an elevation on a plane parallel to the axes of twoconsecutive pairs of rolls of a train ot rolls embodying this invention.Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the out-line of the grooves of the severalsuccessive pairs ot rolls ot' a train embodying this invention, beingpartial sections in the planes of the axes of the pairs of rolls; Fig. adiagram show- ICO ing the sectional outlines of the rod or wire at thesuccessive passes, each figure showing the shape of the wire as itapproaches a given pair of rolls, and also the shape imparted to itafter passing through the said pair of rolls, the shaded lines betweenthe two outlines showing the direction of compression; Fig. it, asimilar diagram showing the shape imparted by rolls having grooves ofdifferent shape from those used to produce the shapes shown in Fig. 3,but having substantially the same results and producing substantiallythe same conditions as to iiow ot' metal and compression and elongationof the rod.

In the construction represented in Figs. l and 2 the rolls have V-shapedgrooves; but instead of being obtuse angled, as has here tofore been thecase in rolling-mills having V-shaped grooves,the inclination of thesides of the grooves to the plane of the rolls is fortyflve degrees, sothat the sides 2 3 of the grooves are at right angles to one another,and the sides 2O 30 of the grooves in a following pair of rolls areexactly parallel to the sides 2 3 of the next preceding pair. As thewidth of the groove on the line -O in a following pair must be less thanthe width on the corresponding line 4 of the preceding pair, in order toprovide for the successive reductions of the metal,

nit is evident that if the grooves were complete Vs, so that if the rodleft them with a complete rectangular' cross-section there would beportions of the rod that would come between the peripheries of thefollowing pair of rolls outside of their grooves, which portion wouldnot be acted upon by the faces of the grooves, but would either besheared off or rolled out into a tin by the peripheries of the rollsoutside the grooves, and it is to obviate this effect that the grooveshave heretofore been made obtuse angled, the longest diagonal of thespace inclosed by the grooves of the 'following pair being equal to theshortest diagonal of the space inclosell by the grooves of the precedingpair.

In order to obviate the iinning or shearing off of a portion of the rodwhile retaining the rectangular shape of the groove in accordance withthis invention, the grooves are truncated, or, as it were, filled up fora short distance from the bottom of the V, so that they terminate in acylindrical portion 5 50, which is proportioned to the amount ofreduction to be given to the metal in such manner that the width of thespace inclosed by the grooves between the bottoms 5 of the precedingpair is equal to the width of the tops of the groove on the line 40 ofthe next following pair, and so on. From this construction it. followsthat, except for the slight additional reduction produced by thecylindrical bottoms 5 50 of the grooves, the lateral displacement orreduction is substantially uniform and equal on the entire surface ofthe rod presented to the rolls, as is clearly shown in Fig. 3, in whichthe shaded space shows the reduction at each pass,` from which itresults that the tendency to elongate is about uniform in all parts ofthe cross-section of the rod, which is thus elongated without internalstrain, while With the construction heretofore adopted the lateraldisplacement is far greater in the portion of the rod acted upon by thebottoms of the grooves than that acted upon near the tops of the groove,producing unequal tendencies to elongate in different portions of therod, so that the reduction and elongation are attended with severeinternal strains upon the metal, which are so great that it ispractically irnpossible to roll the metal down to a small wire or toroll it except when heated so as to diminish the cohesion and admit ofan internal movement of some parts relative to others.

By rolls constructed in accordance with the present invention the rodmay he reduced to almost any degree required and maybe rolled coldwithout causing it to become brittle or to split, as invariably takesplace when attempt is made to roll metal cold with rolls constructed onthe plan heretofore adopted.

The invention is not limited to the specific truncated rectangular shapeof the grooves shown in Figs. 1 and 2, although it is believed to be thebest for practical use. A train of rolls the grooves of which have substantially the same working relations to one another that have beendescribed may be made of other shapes-as, for example, as illustrated bydiagram Fig. 4, in which the grooves are substantially semicircular inAshape, except for the truncation or filling up of a portion of thebottoms of the grooves. In this construction the spaces inclosed by thegrooves of the several successive pairs of rolls are all circular andconcentric to one another, except for the iiattened portions, and thediameter of each larger pair measured between the flattened portion isequal to the full diameter of the next following pair. Vith thisconstruction the successive reductions in the rod are made withoutchange in its sectional shape, except for the slight fiattening orincreased reduction which takes place, first, in the ends of onediagonal or diameter, and next at the ends of the diagonal or diameterat right angles thereto; or, in other words, except for this iattening,the faces of the rod emerging from a given pair of rolls are exactlyparallel with the same faces as they enter the said pair.

After the desired reduction has been made by the train of rolls,constructed as described, the reduced wire may have any desiredsectional shape imparted to it by a final pair of rolls, the grooves ofwhich are shaped to correspond with the Sectional shape it is desired toimpart, and which act with merely a suicient reduction to impart thedesired shape to the wire without producing any great amount ofelongation thereof.

l clainim A train of rolls the grooves of which have IOO IIO

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their surfaces substantiallyparallel througlr out the train, the bottomof the grooves in each pair terminating in a iiettened or truncatedportion, whereby J[he width of the space included between the pair ofrolls is less measured between the bottoms of the grooves than the widthat the tops of the grooves, the width between the bottoms of the groovesof a given pair being equal to the width at the tops of the grooves inthe next following pair, sub- 1o stnntially as and for the purposedescribed.

In testimony whereof I have signed my naine to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

HENRY ALEXIS XVILLlAMS.

Witnesses:

J os. l. Lrvnmronn, M. E. HILL.

